PHYSICS NOTE NO. 4
SUMMARY THEME OF PART IV OF THE PHYSICS OF CREATION
Copyright © Harold Aspden, 2001
THE CREATION OF MATTER
To bring aether theory into the real world one needs, on the one hand, to show how it affects physical actions that traverse ’empty’ space, meaning the vacuum as ‘space devoid of matter’, and this we have done in our earlier discussion of electromagnetic wave propagation and the related theory of the photon. On the other hand, we also need, now by this Part IV of ‘The Physics of Creation’, to show how the aether intrudes upon our material world by its energy activity in promoting the creation and decay of matter.
The Electron
The starting point is the electron itself as the key player in this scenario. Its existence is governed by the physics which regulate the value of h, Planck’s constant, and a certain very high frequency oscillation, the latter being the rhythmic beat frequency of the aether. Combine that frequency with h and you have an energy quantum and from this, if you know the value of c, the speed at which electromagnetic disturbances travel through the aether, then you know the mass of the electron, using the E=mc2 formula derived in Part I from electron theory as explained in Part I.
One needs three parameters which define three physical dimensions of the aether in order to derive a formula giving the value of any fundamental physical constant. Somehow these parameters need to define a measure of energy, time and distance. Since I prefer to build aether theory on the most simple foundation I use the classical system of units for which the dielectric constant of the vacuum is unity. In these units one can quantify energy as electric charge squared divided by distance, that is, say, as e2/d, where e is the unitary electric charge of an aether lattice particle and d the aether lattice dimension of the simple cubic array of such particles. Since these particles describe circular orbits of diameter 2r at the rhythmic beat frequency of the aether, which one can prove to be c/4πr, the velocity of an aether particle relative to a juxtaposed system moving in counterbalance in the same orbit is the parameter c. The ratio r/d is fixed as a property of the aether, having a value e can derive by rigorous analysis, and so the combination of d, c and e serves to define the three essential aether parameters from which we can build a theory accounting for the creation of matter.
In fact, the mass of the electron can be shown to be given by the formula:
Electron creation in a paired relationship with a positron is an ongoing activity in energy fluctuations in the aether. It features in the conventional theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), but conventional theory has not, as yet, developed to embrace the link with aether structure, as disclosed in this author’s work.
The Proton
One of the mysteries governing the existence of matter is the role played by the ‘heavy electrons’, the mu-meson and the tau-particle. They have a kind of pseudo existence in matter form, appearing transiently in high energy particle research and cosmic radiation, but seem to have no function as constituent particles in the matter form.
In fact, they really exist in what one can term a ‘virtual form’ as important components in the aether itself. Virtual muons exist in pairs through space and there is one such pair for each aether lattice particle, that is, on average, in each unit of space volume d3. They define the inertial reference frame and are created and annihilated at the rhythmic frequency of the aether and so they are the active agents interfering with the natural equilibrium of the aether and one needs to see them as the reason for the creation of the proton.
The way in which they combine by statistical chance in bombarding an aether lattice particle to trigger the generation of the energy quantum which defines the proton is, indeed, fascinating, as will be shown in this Part IV of ‘The Physics of Creation’. An essential preliminary is to determine the mass-energy of the virtual muon, but that is an easy task since the mean energy density of the virtual muon system is precisely equal to that found by dividing the intrinsic electric field energy of the aether lattice particle by its charge volume.
The theoretical analysis depends upon the earlier account of the photon and the derivation of the formula for the fine-structure constant from which one can relate the effective mass mo of the aether lattice particle with the rest mass me of the electron. One derives the formula:
From the value of mo one can deduce the radius bounding the charge e of that particle and so the energy density which, when multiplied by d3, gives the mass-energy of a pair of virtual muons. It is all straightforward analysis and it is, indeed, remarkable to see the way in which the correct numerical values appropriate to these particle forms emerge.
Above, I have mentioned the virtual tau-particles and note here that these also exist naturally in the aether but they are very sparsely distributed by comparison with the virtual muons. They do not feature as a form of matter proper but serve the role of providing the dynamic balance needed to offset the orbital motion of the aether lattice particles and any matter present which shares that motion. Indeed, they are part of the ‘graviton’ family and they serve an essential role in detrmining G, the constant of gravitation, as already discussed in Part I of ‘The Physics of Creation’.
Deuterons and Tritons
These are the heavy isotopic nuclei of hydrogen. As will be shown, they are formed by combining protons and/or antiprotons with electrons and positrons, this being verified by the theoretical derivation of their properties, essentially mass and magnetic moment.
Neutrons
These are particles which only exist transiently as a result of a decay process. They comprise an unstable association of a proton or antiproton with an electron and/or positron system. The theory presented derives the appropriate mass and decay lifetime and so is fully justified.
The conventional notion that neutrons, as such, exist in atomic nuclei is illusory and has resulted from a false understanding of the stability criteria governing the stability of an atomic nucleus. Essentially one needs to accept that the nucleus of a heavy atom has itself a structure which conforms with that of the aether itself, meaning that the aether lattice parameter d defines the lattice spacing between the proton components of the nucleus, with an electron-positron coupling system. By such theory one can explain why atomic nuclei have a limited range of atomic mass as found in the periodic table of elements. This will be discussed in this Part IV of ‘The Physics of Creation’.
In summary, therefore, one can say that aether theory not only gives account of the traditional topic of electromagnetic wave propagation, but does concern how matter is created. This is something far beyond the scope of Einstein’s theory and, since we find that matter is created from aether energy, we shall, after the Part V discourse, be ending this work in Part VI by there examining the scope for tapping into that latent energy resource of the aether.
The Lectures relevant to this Part IV of ‘The Physics of Creation’ will, when written, be listed for access here. In the meantime, the reader may find it of interest to inspect those Lectures which have been entered in the corresponding Physics Note 3 relating to Part III.
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