1988f

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 7, pp. 3725-3734 (1988).

THE PROTON FACTOR AND ITS UNKNOWN EFFECTS

Abstract: By speculating on a theme related to the proton, the mysterious appearance of hydrogen gas in high voltage electrical discharges and the proton structure of atomic nuclei, it is shown that we have reason to doubt the way in which experts portray atomic nuclear structure. There are uncertainties as to how protons can migrate through solid matter and how they can suddenly disappear from nearby substance to keep a balance. These uncertainties can cloud our knowledge of how our body cells might be affected in physical
environments in which this proton factor is of concern, and particularly the danger to health should one live in close proximity to overhead high voltage electric power lines.

1988e

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Magnets in Your Future, v. 3, pp. 15-18 (August 1988).

THE VACUUM AS OUR FUTURE ENERGY SOURCE

Commentary: The author here shows the way in which one can access vacuum energy by ferromagnetic techniques. This was the author’s first published account of the way forward. The method described features in the author’s U.K. and U.S. patent specifications referenced in these abstracts as [1990e] and [1991e], respectively. This, in a sense, marks the beginning of the author’s earnest endeavours to prove that the aether can serve as an energy source, though an earlier proposal, the subject of a patent specification [1979b] suggested a route involving harnessing the aether energy source by ion acceleration in a plasma discharge.

1988d

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Magnets in Your Future, v. 3, pp. 19-24 (May, 1988).

DO WE REALLY UNDERSTAND MAGNETISM?

Commentary: Responding to an invitation to contribute an article on magnetism, the author here presents the case that the physicists who regard ferromagnetism as an electron spin property are deceived by the Dirac philosophy. As a result they are not engaging in the research needed to make “the breakthrough by which we can access a cheap, safe and abundant source of energy that will suffice for all future needs.”

1988c

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Physics Essays, v. 1, pp. 72-76 (1988).

A THEORY OF PROTON CREATION

Abstract: The hitherto unknown role of the muon in physics is now shown to be connected with the processes of proton creation in a primordial muon field. It is possible to deduce not only the mass of the proton in relation to that of the muon, but also the mass of the muon quantum that creates the proton. The advance reported depends upon the discovery of an equation that shows that the merger of a muon pair followed by energy minimization can serve to nucleate further particle synthesis by muon merger to give a unique particle some 8.8989795 times the mass of the muon quantum involved. This leads to the creation of a proton having a mass that is a little greater than 1836.152 times the electron mass, in good accord with the measured value.

Commentary: In this paper the author set out to show how the proton-electron mass ratio can be derived theoretical from a causal theory of proton creation without requiring the reader to track through prior published work by the author. Apart from its intrinsic scientific merit, this paper has the merit of being self-contained in its presentation.

The full text of this paper may also be seen in PDF format as Paper No. 9 [1988c] in the Appendix to the author’s 1996 book: Aether Science Papers.

1988b

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Hadronic Journal, v. 11, pp. 169-176 (1988).

THE THEORY OF THE PROTON CONSTANTS

Abstract: The proton/electron mass ratio and the proton magnetic moment measured in nuclear magnetons have values now known to a very high degree of precision. The only theory of record that gives physical reasoning which can account for these dimensionless
numerical ratios is one reported in the Hadronic Journal in its extended application to the neutron and the deuteron. In view of the recent CODATA specification of the proton constants, which is of higher precision than was known when the proton theory was first
published, it is appropriate to review that theory and present it in a simplified and updated form. It is found that the theory remains viable, notwithstanding the stringent demands imposed by the measurement data.

The full text of this paper may also be seen in PDF format as Paper No. 7 [1988b] in the Appendix to the author’s 1996 book: Aether Science Papers.

1988a

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Hadronic Journal, v. 11, pp. 307-313 (1988).

INSTANTANEOUS ELECTRODYNAMIC POTENTIAL WITH RETARDED ENERGY TRANSFER

Abstract: Relativistic electrodynamics (ED) derivations of the Lorentz force can be questioned if, as for the weak interaction, the hadron-hadron ED interaction differs from the lepton-lepton ED interaction. The argument raised by C. K. Whitney in a recent Hadronic Journal paper is here developed in a radically different way. By deriving the Neumann potential from the Coulomb law, assuming instantaneous action but retarded energy transfer in a zero-point energy background, it is shown that the hadron-hadron ED interaction should be anomalous. This is deemed to be relevant to the experimental issues raised by Whitney.

Commentary: After very many years of effort to decipher how Nature determines the Neumann potential, the author finally resolved the issue and this paper presents the solution. The Neumann potential is the primary action which governs electrodynamic
interaction force between electric charge in motion and the law of electrodynamics needed to understand gravitation is derived from that potential [1969a]. Accordingly, this paper closes the project which has preoccupied the author for so long. Orthodox teachings based on retarded potential theory has made the subject far too complex mathematically and has failed to give satisfactory solutions. Nature, it seems, has a way of avoiding such complication and, as the reader will by studying the subject paper, the mathematics involved is now so simple as to pose no difficulties for students.

The full text of this paper may also be seen in PDF format as Paper No. 6 [1988a] in the Appendix to the author’s 1996 book: Aether Science Papers.

1987o

The following is an Abstract of a paper by H. Aspden at a conference on Quantum Physics held at the University of Gdansk in Poland on 21-25 September 1987.

TESTS OF PHOTON THEORY IN TERMS OF PRECISION MEASUREMENT

Abstract: The author’s photon theory, which gives a theoretical value of the reciprocal of the fine-structure constant as 137.0359148 for actions in space undisturbed by matter is extended to the material environment. It is shown that effects related to our motion through the cosmic reference frame can account for the part-per-million discrepancies between the above theoretical value and that measured. The photon theory is further supported by a phenomenon connected with resonance effects in an interaction between atomic electrons and the natural oscillations of the space medium, which are at a frequency involving resonant interaction with the gravity field. This concerns the extreme scarcity of the element promethium.



The full paper is published in these web pages as: PAPER 1987o.

1987n

The following is an Abstract of a paper by H. Aspden and D. H. Gieskieng published in Speculations in Science and Technlogy, v. 10, p. 8 (1987).

AN ANTENNA WITH ANOMALOUS RADIATION PROPERTIES

Abstract: Antennas designed to radiate electric and magnetic fields in quadrature timephase are found to have anomalous radiation properties relative to the in-phase propagation properties of the conventional dipole. It is shown that there is a marked advantage in wave survival efficiency over the dipole, increasingly evident beyond a mile range. This is attributed to the excitation of a natural wave propagation mode by the new antenna, rather than the dipole’s forced wave propagation and the degeneration of the latter over the short range into a natural wave with some energy dissipation.

These effects occur principally over the first few hundred metres of propagation and are distinguished from ground reflection factors by being performed at special canyon-type sites in Colorado.

The phenomenon is discussed in relation to other anomalous evidence in conventional coaxial signal propagation at 5 MHz reported from the Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences at Utah State University. Propagation between two atomic clocks along a 500-metre coaxial cable indicates that signal speed can fluctuate by up to 1% above or below the speed of light. It is suggested that this is really a fluctuating phase shift of up to a quarter wavelength attributable to the spurious excitation of the natural resonance of the field in relation to the forced wave propagation at the signal source.

Principal references:

Gieskieng, D.H., The Mines Magazine, p. 29 (January 1981).
Aspden, H., Wireless Wid, 88, 37 (October, 1982).
Aspden, H., Lett. Nuovo Cimento, 41, 252 (1984).



The above Abstract was published with a notice which stated: ‘For copies of the complete paper, which has 28 pages, 6 figures and 14 references, please contact Dr. Aspden.’ this offer has now been withdrawn. The full paper will be published in these Web pages in the near future [H. Aspden, 16 July, 2002].

1987m

The following is a conference paper by H. Aspden presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Bridgeport, Connecticut, June 23-27, 1986. It was published in 1987 by Plenum Press in ‘Quantum Uncertainties’ Eds. Honig, Kraft & Panarella, NATO ASI Series B; Physics Volume 162 at pp. 245-359.

THE THEORETICAL NATURE OF THE PHOTON IN A LATTICE VACUUM

Abstract: This paper summarizes the author’s theory of the photon, showing how Planck’s radiation law can be derived from aether theory involving a structured aether in which charges occupy lattice sites set in an electrically neutralizing background continuum.

The advance in this paper is to draw attention to an open issue which has bearing upon a potential paradox. The theory gives reason for suspecting that, though h is invariant in the formula E=hf, the energy quantum shed by an atom in producing the photon radiation may have a very small amount of its energy deployed into priming the perturbation of the photon spin at the frequency f. The result should be that h, as measured from analysis of optical spectra will appear to be larger by a few parts in ten million compared with the value exhibited, for example, in Josephson and quantized Hall resistance experiments. Precision measurements of the fine structure constant by different techniques may eventually clarify this issue.

See reference [1986k], the research contribution of which was inspired by the author’s attendance at this NATO meeting. The photon theory is there advanced to explain the causal basis of electron diffraction and extended to account for single neutron diffraction.

1987l

The following is the abstract of a paper by H. Aspden as published by the Institute of Physics (U.K.) in the PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS of a Conference on Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics held at the University of Birmingham on 6-8 April 1987. (Paper No. Q1 on p. 84).

A THEORETICAL DERIVATION OF NEUTRON LIFETIME

Summary: The measured mean lifetime of the neutron of approximately 898 seconds is shown to be determined from a theory of the proton dating from 1975. The model requires the neutron to have a lifetime jointly determined by characteristic transition times which the theory assigns to both the electron and the proton.

Abstract: Theory of prior record (Aspden & Eagles, 1972, 1975) gave:

where A=108π and (1/s)³=1843. Here α is the fine structure constant, μ is the muon-electron mass ratio and M is the proton-electron mass ratio.

The number A is a measure of the cell spacing in a cubic lattice given in units of Thomson electron charge radius (two-thirds of the classical electron radius). The number s represents a calculable energy quantum in electron rest-mass energy units mc² deemed to occupy each lattice site in the calculation of record. A muon pair is supposed to be created cyclically and annihilated in successive periods h/mc.

It is found that the chance of an encounter between a positive muon and an electron occurs at intervals of [3/4(π)]A³(h/mc²), approximately 10^-13 seconds. This matches the observed electron tunneling frequency.

The chance of a simultaneous encounter between the negative muon and the proton, close enough to develop a proton-antiproton energy threshold offset by negative potential of the interaction, involves a combined time period of:

With M=1836, μ=207 and h/mc²=8.09×10^-21, this gives a decay time of 900 seconds.

This happens to be the lifetime of the neutron, which is of interest when taken in conjunction with the earlier results of the theory. Taken together, the proton and electron have a mass approximating the neutron and are electrically neutral. This lifetime calculation may, therefore, help us in our further understanding of neutron composition. Hence it is relevant to draw attention to this new result which updates an earlier proposal on this subject (Aspden, 1981).

ASPDEN H and EAGLES D M, Physics Letters, v. 41A, 423 (1972).
ASPDEN H and EAGLES D M, Il Nuovo Cimento, v. 30A, 235 (1975).
ASPDEN H, Lett. Nuovo Cimento, v. 31, 383 (1981).

Note that these three references are items [1972a], [1975a] and [1981b], respectively, of this section of these Web pages.