1952b

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in The Journal of Scientific Instruments, vol. 29, pp. 2-7, (1952).

A TWO FLUXMETER METHOD OF MEASURING FERROMAGNETIC HYSTERESIS LOSS

Abstract: Ferromagnetic hysteresis loss is usually measured by the method of reversals or the step-by-step method, both of which involve the use of a ballistic galvanometer or a fluxmeter. The necessity for recording observations and measuring the area of the hysteresis loop can be eliminated by using a second fluxmeter to integrate successive electrical discharges, which are initiated by a chosen change in flux density and are proportional in magnitude to the magnetizing field. The total deflexion of this second fluxmter over one complete cycle of magnetization is a direct measure of the hysteresis loss. By this means it is possible, without sacrificing accuracy, to reduce the time of measurement to a small fraction of that usually required by conventional methods.

Commentary: This paper was written during a period when the author was working for a Ph.D. degree which involved experimental research on the eddy-current anomaly. See the related paper: [1956a]. However, this method was not used in the eventual experiments which were the basis of that Ph.D.

---

---

1952a

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in the Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 23, pp. 523-528 (1951).

EDDY-CURRENTS IN SOLID CYLINDRICAL CORES HAVING NON-UNIFORM PERMEABILITY

Abstract: A method of estimating magnetization losses in solid cylindrical cores of ferromagnetic material is given. The conception of complex permeability is introduced to show the effects which hysteresis has upon the degree of flux penetration. A formula is given for the effective permeability which should be used in the classical treatment in which non-linearities have been ignored. An arbitrary case in which the permeability changes across the core section is considered and the solution is extended to a core which is homogeneous, but whose permeability changes with the degree of magnetization. In this way errors due to a non-linear B-H curve are reduced and the complex permeability notation is shown to lead to a more reasonable Steinmetz relationship. The eddy-current anomaly is mentioned and it is noted that the theory developed is suited to a consideration of the anomaly as explained in terms of time-lag effects.

Commentary: This paper was written during a period when the author was working for a Ph.D. degree which involved experimental research on the eddy-current anomaly. See the related paper: [1956a]. However, the detailed analysis based on complex magnetic permeability as covered by the mathematics in this paper in relation to a non-linear B-H magnetization curve was not included nor involved in the research thesis which was submitted in support of that Ph.D. degree.

---

---

1951a

The following is a paper by H. Aspden was published in The Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 22, pp. 869-871 (1951).

A FERROMAGNETIC HYSTERESIS POTENTIOMETER

Abstract: The potentiometer embodies the principle of the normal fluxmeter method of measuring hysteresis loss but, while retaining the accuracy, enables the measurement to be made in a fraction of a minute. The potentiometer incorporates a number of tappings which are connected to individual contact studs so that by rotating a contact arm the current applied to a magnetizing circuit can be varied in a cyclical manner between two limiting values. There are intermediate positions of the arm which correspond to intermediate values of current and these values differ by fixed amounts from one cycle to the next. The contact arm also forms part of a stud switch so that a search coil can be disconnected from a fluxmeter over the part in each cycle over which the current changes between the intermediate and one of the limiting values. In this way a complete rotation of the arm is made to take a specimen through twelve cycles of magnetization and since the intermediate current values are evenly distributed over the complete cycle the fluxmeter registers a deflection which can be related to the hysteresis loss.

Commentary: This paper was written during a period when the author was working for a Ph.D. degree which involved experimental research on the eddy-current anomaly. See the related paper: [1956a]. However, this potentiometer was not used in the eventual experiments which were the basis of that Ph.D.

---

---

BIBLIOGRAPHY

DR. ASPDEN’S SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, BOOKS AND PATENTS

The following listing provides an index giving access to abstracts and, in many cases some commentary on the subject of
the patent or paper. There may in that commentary also be access to the full text of a scientific paper, where it is
published in a scientific periodical not usually stocked by a university library. The date references are according to year
of publication but are in reverse order chronologically, the more recent publications appearing first in the following listing.

Concerning patents, these are also listed as references to published work in the index below.

Concerning books, a commentary on these is accessible by selecting: BOOKS.

******

REFERENCE LISTING

2002a Lecture paper delivered at Binnotec 2nd Berlin Conference for Innovative Energy Technologies on June 14th, 2002, ‘Our
Future Energy source – the Vacuum!’

1999a Paper published in English in an Italian University publication: La Scienza e i Vortici del Dubbio, Publicazione dell’Universita
degli Studi di Perugia (ISBN 88-8114-996-6 pp. 291-307 (1999).

1999b ‘The Imaginary Sun?’, Physics Education, vol 34, No. 5, p. 263 (1999)

1998a U.S. Patent No. 5,734,122, ‘Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Apparatus’, March 31, 1998

1998b ‘The Crystalline Vacuum’, Journal of New Energy, vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 46-53 (1998).

1997a ‘Power from Ice: Thermoelectrics’, Energy Science Report No. 2, Sabberton Publications (1997)

1997b ‘The Thermoelectric Generator’, Energy Science Report No. 3, Sabberton Publications (1997).

1997c U.K. Patent Application No. 2,305,302, ‘Electric pole motor configurations’, April 2, 1997

1997d U.K. Patent Application No. 2,303,255, ‘Magnetic reluctance motor’, February 12, 1997.

1997e Energy Science Report No. 7, ‘Power from Magnetism: The Transverse Reluctance Motor’, 31 March 1997, ISBN 0 85056
0187, Sabberton Publications.

1997f Energy Science Report No. 10, ‘Cyclotron Resonance in Human Body Cells’, 31 March 1997, ISBN 0 85056 011X, Sabberton
Publications.

1996a U.K. Patent Application No. 2,292,830, ‘Thermoelectric Power Generation’, March 6, 1996.

1996b ‘Aether Science Papers’, Sabberton Publications, 1980.

1996c Energy Science Report No. 8, ‘Power from Space: The Correa Invention’, 26 February 1996, ISBN 0 85056 0160, Sabberton
Publications.

1996d Energy Science Report No. 9, ‘Power from Magnetism: Over-Unity Motor Design’, 6 November 1996, ISBN 0 85056 0241,
Sabberton Publications.

1995a U.K. Patent No. 2,287,134, ‘Magnetic reluctance motors’, September 6, 1995.

1995b U.K. Patent No. 2,283,361, ‘Refrigeration and electric power generation’, May 3, 1995.

1995c U.K. Patent No. 2,282.708, ‘Electrical motor-generator’, April 12, 1995.

1995d U.K. Patent No. 2,289,994, ‘Magnetic reluctance motor’, December 6, 1995.

1995e ‘Retardation in the Coulomb Potential’, Physics Essays, v. 8, pp. 19-28 (1995).

1995f ‘Discovery of Virtual Inertia’, New Energy News, v. 2, No. 2 (February), pp.1-2, (1995).

1994a U.S. Patent No. 5,288,336, ‘Thermoelectric heat transfer apparatus’, February 22, 1994.

1994b U.S. Patent No. 5,376,184, ‘Thermoelectric energy conversion’, December 27, 1994.

1994c U.K. Patent No. 2,278,491, ‘Hydrogen Activated Heat Generation Apparatus’, November 30 1994.

1994d Energy Science Report No. 5, ‘Power from Water: Cold Fusion: Part I’, 26 April 1994, ISBN 0 85056 0217, Sabberton
Publications.

1994e ‘Magnetism and the Energy of Creation’, Proceedings of the International Symposium on New Energy, Denver, Colorado,
USA (May 12-15, 1994) pp. 1-20 (1994)

1994f Energy Science Report No. 4, ‘Power from Magnetism: The Potter Debate’, 10 April 1994, ISBN 0 85056 0209, Sabberton
Publications.

1994g Energy Science Report No. 6, ‘Power from Space: Inertia and gravitation’, 26 April 1994, ISBN 0 85056 0225, Sabberton
Publications.

1994h Energy Science Report No. 1, ‘Power from Magnetism: Three Experiments’, 20 February 1994, ISBN 0 85056 0179,
Sabberton Publications.

1993a ‘The World’s Energy Future’, Proceedings of the International Symposium on New Energy, Denver, Colorado, USA. (April
16-18, 1991) pp. 1-19.

1993b U.K. Patent No. 2,267,995, ‘Thermoelectric heat transfer apparatus’, December 22 1993.

1993c ‘The Law of Perpetual Motion’, Physics Education, v. 28, pp. 202-203 (1993)

1993d ‘The First Law of Thermodynamics’, Physics Education, v. 28, pp. 340-342 (1993)

1992a ‘Magnets and Gravity’, Magnets in Your Future, v. 6, pp. 16-22 (1992).

1992b ‘The Electronic Heat Engine’, 27th IECEC, Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, August 3-7 (1992): SAE
Technical Paper Series: Paper No. 929474.

1992c U.S. Patent No. 5,101,632, ‘Thermal radiation energy conversion’, April 7, 1992.

1991a ‘The Theory of Anti-Gravity’, Physics Essays, v. 4, pp. 13-19 (1991).

1991b ‘The Principles Underlying Regenerative Free Energy Technology’, Paper in the Proceedings, 26th Intersociety Energy
Conversion Engineering Conference, American Nuclear Society, v. , pp. (1991).

1991c ‘Power Lines, Cancer and Cyclotron Resonance’, Electronics & Wireless World, pp. 774-775 (1991).

1991d U.S. Patent No. 5,065,085, ‘Thermoelectric Energy Conversion’, November 12, 1991.

1991e U.K. Patent No. 2,234,863, ‘Switched reluctance motor with full A.C. commutation’, February 13, 1991.

1990a ‘Standing Wave Interferometry’, Physics Essays, v. 3, pp. 39-45 (1990).

1990b ‘The Scientific Basis for Tapping Energy in the Vacuum’, Paper in ‘New Energy Technology’, Planetary Association for Clean
Energy, Ottawa/Hull, Canada, Proceedings of a 1988 Symposium. pp. 1-12 (1990).

1990c ‘Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Energy Theme’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 13, pp. 243-245 (1990).

1990d ‘The Harwen Energy Radiation Regenerator’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 13, pp. 295-299 (1990).

1990e U.S. Patent No. 4,975,608, ‘Switched reluctance motor with full A.C. commutation’, December 4, 1990.

1990f U.K. Patent No. 2,227,881, ‘Thermoelectric energy conversion’, August 8, 1990.

1990g U.K. Patent No. 2,225,161, ‘Thermoelectric energy conversion’, May 23, 1990.

1990h ‘Breaching the Second Law of Thermodynamics’, Nature, v. 347, p. 25 (1990).

1989a ‘The Supergraviton and its Technological Connection’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 12, pp. 179-186 (1989).

1989b ‘The Theory of the Gravitation Constant’, Physics Essays, v. 2, pp. 173-179 (1989).

1989c ‘A Theory of Pion Creation’, Physics Essays, v. 2 , pp. 360-367 (1989).

1989d ‘Conservative Hadron Interactions exemplified by the Creation of the Kaon’, Hadronic Journal, v. 12, pp. 101-108 (1989).

1989e ‘Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation and Biological Effects’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 12,
pp. 17-29 (1989).

1989f ‘Anti-Gravity Electronics’, Electronics & Wireless World’, pp. 29-31 (January, 1989).

1988a ‘Instantaneous Electrodynamic Potential with Retarded Energy Transfer’, Hadronic Journal, v. 11, pp. 307-313 (1988).

1988b ‘The Theory of the Proton Constants’, Hadronic Journal, v. 11, pp. 169-176 (1988).

1988c ‘A Theory of Proton Creation’, Physics Essays, v. 1, pp. 72-76 (1988).

1988d ‘Do We Really Understand Magnetism?’, Magnets in Your Future, v. 3, pp. 19-24 (May, 1988).

1988e ‘The Vacuum as our Future Energy Source’, Magnets in Your Future, v. 3, pp. 15-18 (August, 1988).

1988f ‘The Proton Factor and its Unknown Effects’, The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 7, pp. 3725-3734 (1988).

1988g ‘Four Questions Concerning Relativity’, Proceedings of Conference on Physical Interpretations of Relativity Theory, London,
September 1988, British Society for the Philosophy of Science.

1987a ‘The Physics of the Missing Atoms: Technetium and Promethium’, Hadronic Journal, v. 10, pp. 167-172 (1987).

1987b ‘Synchronous Lattice Dynamics as an Alternative to Time Dilation’, Hadronic Journal, v. 10, pp. 185-192 (1987).

1987c ‘The Exploding Wire Phenomenon as an Inductive effect’, Physics Letters, v. 120A, pp. 80-82 (1987).

1987d ‘Earthquake-related EM Disturbances’, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 28, pp. 535-536 (1987).

1987e ‘A Note on the Silvertooth Experiment’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 10, pp. 9-11 (1987).

1987f ‘The Case for the Sub-Electron’, The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 5, pp. 2827-2833 (1987).

1987g ‘A Counter-Argument to the Nine Objections to the Aether posed by Milnes’, The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6, pp. 2947-2953
(1987).

1987h ‘Ampere’s Law: Comments on a Discussion by Milnes in the Toth-Maatian Review’, The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6, pp.
2981-2984 (1987).

1987i ‘Derivation of the Electrodynamic Force Law’, The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6, pp. 2985-2987 (1987).

1987j ‘Ghost Mass and the Unseen Energy World as revealed by the Anomalies of the Gyroscope’, The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6,
pp. 3165-3171 (1987).

1987k ‘Earthquake’, Electronics & Wireless World, p. 230 (1987).

1987l ‘Theoretical Derivation of Neutron Lifetime’, Institute of Physics (U.K.) Conference on Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics
held at the University of Birmingham on 6-8 April 1987. (Paper No. Q1 on p. 84 of Abstracts).

1987m ‘The Theoretical Nature of the Photon in a Lattice Vacuum’ in ‘Quantum Uncertainties’, Eds. Honig, Kraft & Panarella,
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Quantum Violations, (Plenum Press) pp. 345-359, June 23-27,
1986.

1987n ‘An Antenna with Anomalous Radiation Properties’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 10, p. 8 (1987).

1987o ‘Tests of Photon Theory in Terms of Precision Measurement’, Conference Paper presented at University of Gdansk in Poland,
21-25 September 1987, published in “Problems in Quantum Physics; Gdansk ’87”, published by World Scientific (Singapore,
New Jersey, Hong Kong) pp. 353-373.

1986a ‘Fundamental Constants derived from Two-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillations in an Electrically Structured Vacuum’,
Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 9, pp. 315-323 (1986).

1986b ‘Anomalous Electrodynamic Explosions in Liquids’, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, PS-14, pp. 282-285 (1986).

1986c ‘Electron Self-Field Interaction and Internal Resonance’, Physics Letters A, v. 119, pp. 109-111 (1986).

1986d ‘The Theoretical Nature of the Neutron and the Deuteron’, Hadronic Journal, v. 9, pp. 129-136 (1986).

1986e ‘Meson Production based on Thomson Energy Correlation’, Hadronic Journal, v. 9, pp. 137-140 (1986).

1986f ‘Earnshaw’s Theorem’, Nature, v. 319, 8 (1986).

1986g ‘The Mystery of Mercury’s Perihelion’, The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 5, pp. 2475-2481 (1986).

1986h ‘Flat Space Gravitation’, Physics Education, v. 21, pp. 261-262 (1986).

1986i ‘On the Creation of the Sun’, the Toth-Maatian Review, v. 5, pp. 2609-2612 (1986).

1986j ‘An Empirical Approach to Meson Energy Correlation’, Hadronic Journal, v. 9, pp. 153-157 (1986).

1986k ‘A Causal Theory for Neutron Diffraction’, Physics Letters A, v. 119, pp. 105-108 (1986).

1985a ‘The Proton Enigma’, American Journal of Physics, v. 53, 938 (1985).

1985b ‘More on Thomson Particles’, American Journal of Physics, v. 53, p. 616 (1985).

1985c ‘The Exploding Wire Phenomenon’, Physics Letters, 107A, pp. 238-240 (1985).

1985d ‘Theoretical Evaluation of the Fine Structure Constant’, Physics Letters, v. 110A, pp. 113-115 (1985).

1985e ‘A New Perspective on the Law of Electrodynamics’, Physics Letters, v. 111A, pp. 22-24 (1985).

1985f ‘The Nature of the Pion’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 8, pp. 235-239 (1985).

1985g ‘The Maxwell-Fechner Hypothesis as an Alternative to Einstein’s Theory’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 8, pp.
283-289 (1985).

1985h ‘Unification of Gravitational and Electrodynamic Potential based on Classical Action-at-a-Distance Theory’, Lettere al Nuovo
Cimento, v. 44, pp. 689-693 (1985).

1985i ‘The Paradox of Constant Planetary Mass as Evidence of a Leptonic Lattice-Structured Vacuum State’, Lettere al Nuovo
Cimento, v. 44, pp. 705-709 (1985).

1985j ‘Electrical Aspects of Tornado Theory’, Journal of Meteorology, UK, v. 10, pp. 376-380 (1985).

1984a ‘The Finite Lifetime of the Electron’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 7, pp. 3-6 (1984).

1984b ‘Electromagnetic Reaction Paradox’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 39, pp. 247-251 (1984).

1984c ‘The Muon g-Factor by Cavity Resonance Theory’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 39, pp. 271-275 (1984).

1984d ‘Boson Creation in a Sub-Quantum Lattice’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 40, pp. 53-57 (1984).

1984e ‘The Steady-State Free-Electron Population of Free Space’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 41, pp. 252-256 (1984).

1984f ‘Don’t Forget Thomson’, Physics Today, p. 15 (November, 1984).

1983a ‘The Thunderball – an Electrostatic Phenomenon’, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 66: Session VI, Electrostatics 1983, Oxford, pp.
179-184 (1983).

1983b ‘Relativity and Rotation’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 6, pp. 199-202 (1983).

1983c ‘The Lamb Shift for a Cavity-Resonant Electron’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 36, pp. 364-368 (1983).

1983d ‘The Determination of Absolute Gravitational Potential’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 37, pp. 169-172 (1983).

1983e ‘The Nature of the Muon’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 37, pp. 210-214 (1983).

1983f ‘Theoretical Resonances for Particle-Antiparticle Collisions based on the Thomson Electron Model’, Lettere al Nuovo
Cimento, v. 37, pp. 307-311 (1983).

1983g ‘Meson Lifetime Dilation as a Test for Special Relativity’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 38, pp. 206-210 (1983).

1983h ‘The Mass of the Muon’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 38, pp. 342-344 (1983).

1983i ‘The Assessment of a Theory for the Proton-Electron Mass Ratio’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 38, pp. 423-426 (1983).

1983j ‘The Scope for First Order Tests of Light Speed Anisotropy’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 38, pp. 568-572 (1983).

1983k ‘Planar Boundaries of the Space-Time Lattice’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 38, pp. 243-246 (1983).

1982a ‘The Ether – an Assessment’, Wireless World, v. 88, pp. 37-39 (1982).

1982b ‘Electron Form and Anomalous Energy Radiation’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 33, pp. 213-216 (1982).

1982c ‘The Correlation of the Anomalous g-Factors of the Electron and Muon’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 33, pp. 481-484
(1982).

1982d ‘A Theory of Pion Lifetime’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 33, pp. 237-239 (1982).

1982e ‘Mirror Reflection Effects in Light Speed Anisotropy Tests’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 5, pp. 421-431
(1982).

1982f ‘The Case Against Relativity – an Experimental Approach’, Paper at International Conference on Space-Time Absoluteness,
Genoa, 8-11 July; 1982, Proceedings of ICSTA (International Publishers: East-West), pp. 27-31 (1982).

1982g ‘Charge Induction by Thermal Radiation’, Journal of Electrostatics, v. 13, pp. 71-80 (1982).

1982h ‘Proposed Method of Measuring First Order Speed of Light Anisotropy’, Physics Letters, v. 92A, pp. 165-166 (1982).

1981a ‘Atmospheric Electric Field Induction’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 4, pp. 314-316 (1981).

1981b ‘A Theory of Neutron Lifetime’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 31, pp. 383-384 (1981).

1981c ‘The Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 32, pp. 114-116 (1981).

1981b ‘The Enigma of Ball Lightning’, Journal of Meteorolgy, UK, v. 6, pp. 258-260 (1981).

1981e ‘Laser Interferometry Experiments on Light Speed Anisotropy’, Physics Letters, v. 85A, pp. 411-414 (1981).

1980a ‘The Spatial Distribution of the Interaction Contribution to the Magnetic Field Energy Associated with Two Moving Charges’,
Acta Physica Polonica, v. A57, pp. 473-482 (1980).

1980b ‘The Inverse Square Law and its Spatial Energy Distribution’, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., v. 13, pp. 3649-3655 (1980).

1980c ‘UFOs and the Cosmic Connection’, Energy Unlimited, v. 8, pp. 37-40 (1980).

1980d ‘Speculations in General, Plus Some of My Own’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 3, pp. 114-116 (1980).

1980e ‘Physics Unified’, Sabberton Publications, pp. 206, 1980.

1979a ‘The Spatial Energy Distribution for Coulomb Interaction’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 25, pp. 456-458 (1979).

1979b U.K. Patent Application No. 2,002,953 entitled ‘Ion accelerators and energy transfer processes’, Published February 28, 1979.

1979c ‘Energy Correlation of Radioactive Decays of ψ(3684)’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 26, pp. 257-260 (1979).

1978a ‘G Fluctuations and Planetary Orbits’, Catastrophist Geology, v. 3/2, pp. 1-2 (1978).

1978b ‘Energy Correlation Applied to Psi Particles’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 1, pp. 59-63 (1978).

1978c ‘Crystal Symmetry and Ferromagnetism’, Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 1, pp. 281-288 (1978).

1978d ‘A Perspective on a New Enigma’, Intercom, pp. 21-22 (December 12, 1978).

1977a ‘Electrodynamic Anomalies in Arc Discharge Phenomena’ IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, v. PS-5, pp. 159-163 (1977).

1977b ‘A New Approach to the Problem of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron’, International Journal of Theoretical
Physics, v. 16, pp. 401-404 (1977).

1977c ‘Galactic Domains, G Fluctuations and Geomagnetic Reversals’, Catastrophist Geology, v. 2/2, pp. 42-47 (1977).

1977d ‘Space, Energy and Creation’, University Lecture (1977).

1977e ‘Quantum Gravitation and the Perihelion Anomaly’, Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, v. 18, pp. 181-182 (1977).

1976a ‘The Fresnel Formula Applied to Empty Space’, International Journal of Theoretical Physics, v. 15, pp. 263-264 (1976).

1976b ‘Inertia of a Non-Radiating Particle’, International Journal of Theoretical Physics, v. 15, pp. 631-633 (1976).

1975a ‘Calculation of the Proton Mass in a Lattice Model for the Aether’, Il Nuovo Cimento, v. 30A, pp. 235-238 (1975).

1975b ‘Gravitation’, Sabberton Publications, pp. 78, 1975, ISBN 0 85056 0055.

1974a ‘The Chain Structure of the Nucleus’, Sabberton (1974).

1972a ‘Aether Theory and the Fine Structure Constant’, Physics Letters, v. 41A, pp. 423-424 (1972).

1972b ‘Modern Aether Science’, Sabberton Publications, pp. 165, 1980.

1971a ‘Signals from the Future?’, Electronics and Power, p. 84, February 1971.

1969a ‘The Law of Electrodynamics’, Journal of the Franklin Institute, v. 287, 179-183 (1969).

1969b ‘Physics without Einstein’, pp. 224, Sabberton, SBN 85056 0012 (1969).

1967a ‘Ballistic Theory of Light’, ‘Electronics and Power’, p. 22 (January, 1967).

1967b ‘Magnetic Anomalies’, ‘Electronics and Power’, p. 95 (March, 1967).

1966a ‘The Theory of Gravitation’, 2nd Edition, pp. 132, Sabberton, 1966.

1966b ‘Radiation-Pressure Discrepancy’, ‘Electronics and Power’, p. 236 (July, 1966).

1966c ‘The Gyromagnetic Ratio’, ‘Electronics and Power’, p. 288 (August, 1966).

1965a ‘Electrodynamic Theory’, Electronics and Power, p. 137 (April, 1965).

1965b ‘Electrodynamic Theory’, Electronics and Power, p. 202 (June, 1965).

1962a U.K. Patent No. 890,308: ‘Electrical Phase Angle Comparators’, published on February 28, 1962.

1962b U.K. Patent No. 890,791: ‘Natigational Aids’, published on March 7, 1962.

1960a ‘The Theory of Gravitation’, (privately published) 1960.

1959a U.K. Patent No. 817,674: ‘Accelerometers’, published on August 6, 1959.

1958a ‘Discussion on Electromagnetic Energy Transfer’, Proceedings of I.E.E., C, p. 359 (1958).

1958b U.K. Patent No. 892,333: ‘High Temperature Electric Discharge Apparatus’. Application filed on February 21, 1958.
Published on March 28, 1962.

1958c U.K. Patent No. 797,397: ‘Low Phase-Shift Frequency-Sensitive Filters’, published on July 2, 1958.

1957a ‘An Investigation of the Eddy-Current Anomaly in a Low-Silicon Sheet Steel’, Proc. I.E.E. vol. 104C at pp. 2-7 (1957).

1956a ‘Magnetic Time-Lag effects in Solid Steel Cores’, Proc. I.E.E. vol. 103C at pp. 272-278 (1956).

1956b ‘The Eddy-Current Anomaly in Electrical Sheet Steel’, Proc. I.E.E. vol. 103C at pp. 279-285 (1956).

1952a ‘Eddy-Currents in Solid Cylindrical Cores having Non-uniform Permeability’, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 23, pp. 523-528
(1951).

1952b ‘A Two Fluxmeter Method of Measuring Ferromagnetic Hysteresis Loss’, The Journal of Scientific Instruments, vol. 29, pp.
2-7, (1952).

1952c ‘A Method of Measuring the Magnetic Permeability of Rod Specimens’, The Journal of Scientific Instruments, vol. 29, pp.
371-374, (1952).

1952d UK Patent No. 676,088: ‘A Ferromagnetic Hysteresis Potentiometer’, July 1952.

1951a ‘A Ferromagnetic Hysteresis Potentiometer’, the Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 22, pp. 869-871 (1951).

---

2002a

The following is a lecture paper by H. Aspden published in English and delivered as an invited speaker at the Binnotec 2nd Berlin Conference for Innovative Energy Technologies on June 14th, 2002. A full copy of this paper is included in these Web pages as LECTURE No. 27

OUR FUTURE ENERGY SOURCE – THE VACUUM!

Abstract: In the quest to discover a new energy source that can replace existing technology and avoid further pollution of our planet, one can but be frustrated by the knowledge that the secrets of past achievement in this field have remained outside our reach. The reason for this is the probability that the inventors themselves have not fully understood the physical processes they were harnessing in their experiments, namely how that energy was actually drawn from a hidden source in our immediate environment. Accordingly, they shrouded their work by a cloak of secrecy and, being distrustful when faced with hostile scientific opinion, have not left on record the details necessary to replicate their findings. By examining from sparse information certain features common to the apparatus used by those who have had success, and particularly the efforts of Dr. Henry Moray in the 1920s, and analysing this in the context of this author�s research investigation of the role aether plays in determining the fundamental constants of physics, this mystery can now be solved. The evidence points clearly to the future prospect of electrical power generation based on a rather simple but specific form of capacitor system, which would have a low weight to power ratio, operating at frequencies of the order of 100 kHz and voltages of the order of 25 kV. Based on these findings the task ahead is to alert the energy research community to what can be possible as, surely, it is inconceivable that those pioneers of historical record were deceiving themselves and those who witnessed their demonstrations.

---

1999b

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published as a Letter to the Editor by the U.K. Institute of Physics in Physics
Education, vol. 34, No. 5, p. 263 (1999).

THE IMAGINARY SUN?

Commentary: This paper challenges the assertion by the physics community that the temperature within the Sun can be as
high as 100,000,000 degrees, whereas we know the Sun has a surface temperature close to 6,000 degrees. Physicists imagine
the Sun is powered by nuclear fusion, but its energy is really sourced in the activity of the quantum underworld of space at the
solar surface as now explained in detail in my 2006 book Creation: The Physical Truth. I have written that book because
physicists expert in nuclear fusion have chosen to ignore the simple educational message that this 1999 paper conveys. Below I
quote three paragraphs from that paper.

“… a serious student might wonder why the interior of the Sun needs to be hotter than the temperature of 6,000 K or so that is
implied by its surface radiation. Given that the Sun is mainly composed of hydrogen gas in a highly ionised state and that we
know its mean mass density is around 1,400 kg per cubic metre, such a student might reason that the hydrogen atoms are
simply squeezed so tightly together that the electron K-shells overlap slightly. Electron collision (powered by whatever
energizes the quantum underworld of space) implies ionization, a state in which electrons and protons become freely moving.
Given then the fact that two protons have a mutual rate of acceleration due to gravity that is 1836 times greater than that for the
electron-electron interaction, surely one must expect the proton population to be displaced radially inwards relative to the
electron population. That implies electrostatic repulsion exactly in balance with gravitational attraction over the vast region of
the solar interior, holding the mass density uniform.”

“An astute student might then point out that if spheres of K-shell radius 5.29×10^-11 m are closely packed at random into an
enveloping spherical form and each of those spheres has a mass equal to that of the hydrogen atom, one expects the mass
density to be around 1,700 kg per cubic metre, and that might explain why the Sun has the slightly smaller overall mass density
of 1,400 kg per cubic metre.”

[Here I just note that when I came to write Creation: The Physical Truth I had decided that the hydrogen atoms in the Sun
must adopt a cubic lattice structure with each atom sitting in a cube of side dimension twice the K-shell Bohr radius. This
gives the 1,400 kg per cubic metre figure. See page 39 of Creation: The Physical Truth.]

“That same student could hardly miss the obvious implication that the Sun has a distributed positive charge in its interior
surrounded by a neutralizing surface shell of negative charge and, the latter having a greater contribution to magnetic moment,
so the Sun in rotating should have a magnetic moment related to G, the constant of gravitation.”

---

1999a

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in English in an Italian University publication: La Scienza e i Vortici del Dubbio, Pubblicazione dell’Universita degli Stidu di Perugia (ISBN 88-8114-996-6 pp. 291-307 (1999). A full copy of this paper is included in these Web pages as LECTURE No. 26, it having first been presented in that form on the author’s technology website www.energyscience.co.uk.

THE CONTEMPORARY AETHER

Abstract: Although 20th century scientific philosophy has sought to banish
the aether and outlaw it from our modern civilisation, that effort has
failed. The great contributions of philosophers of earlier centuries,
giving us recognition of the aether, and notably by Rene Descartes,
live on, nothwithstanding acceptance of the four-space notions of the
theory of relativity. The aether remains the essential fabric of
space, the canvas on which Nature has painted the glorious picture of
the world and the universe we see around us. This paper will simply
point to one scientific phenomenon which reveals a direct
manifestation of the aether and shows us how to tap into its power.
This paper also provides a bibliographic listing of this author’s 20th
century discoveries concerning the aether, this being research which
has been published in spite of the opposition by those who prefer to
accept the virtual reality images which stem from Einstein’s
doctrines. The key property of the real aether is its universal
rhythm, its universal time keeping, as enforced by a phase-lock
between its quantum properties. This property is manifested by aether
in rotation because the phase-lock involves one-way energy transfer
from aether to matter in company with an electric charge induction by
rotation, neither of which feature in Einstein’s vision of the
properties of space.

---

1998b

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in the Journal of New Energy, vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 46-53 (1998).

THE CRYSTALLINE VACUUM

Abstract: The vacuum is a cold ionized medium having a crystalline structure, which can be rotated. The rotation and its effects are found to range from from phenomena involving photons to the rotation of stellar objects. This paper discusses this subject in detail.

Commentary: Essentially this paper reproduces in a refereed journal the content of Energy Science Essay No. 13 as presented in the web pages of the author’s technology website www.energyscience.co.uk. To see that Essay in full press: ESSAY NO. 13.

---

1998a

The following is a U.S. Patent granted to Harold Aspden with an issue date of March 31, 1998.

US PATENT NO 5,734,122

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed in which a pair of elongated solid cylindrical metal conductors mounted with their central axes mutually parallel are connected at their ends to form a closed electrical circuit path, there being heat sinks at spaced positions along their length which serve as heat transfer means setting up a temperature gradient along the lengths of the conductors. A strong electrical current flow in the conductors creates a circumferential magnetic field in the metal directed at right angles to the heat flow and this, by the Nernst Effect, produces a radial electric field gradient in the metal coupled with the transient accumulation of stored electrical energy. The apparatus disclosed serves for the experimental testing of energy conversion and storage by thermoelectric processes occurring in the metal and the ultimate utilization of the technology involved.

---

1997f

This is one of a series of 10 Energy Science Reports made available by the author through U.K. company Energy Science Limited, under the publishing name Sabberton Publications.

ISBN 0 85056 011 X

This is a 57 page report in which the author discusses a mysterious aspect of Energy Science concerned with the anomalous effects which electromagnetic fields can have upon our body cells. The main theme is the health hazard posed by using electric blankets and living too close to overhead electrical power lines. An explanation is given for the curious fact that cyclotron-like resonance, which transfers energy from weak pulsating fields into the ion-populated fluids in the human body, in countries powered at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. How can the body chemistry support a resonance phenomenon at either of these frequencies? You have the answer in this Report. The human body introduces something new to electrical science, a system in which electricity is conveyed by molecular ions rather than electrons. Energy anomalies arise when currents flow through liquids and also in cold cathode discharges through rarefied gas. This has bearing upon the subject of Report No. 8. However, as Report No. 10 shows, research on our body chemistry reveals a superconductive condition and such research may help to solve some of the basic questions of fundamental physics having a bearing upon the nature of gravitation. This Report No. 10, the last in this series, was issued on March 31st 1997.

The full text of this Report can be seen via the following link: REPORT No. 10

---