1987l

The following is the abstract of a paper by H. Aspden as published by the Institute of Physics (U.K.) in the PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS of a Conference on Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics held at the University of Birmingham on 6-8 April 1987. (Paper No. Q1 on p. 84).

A THEORETICAL DERIVATION OF NEUTRON LIFETIME

Summary: The measured mean lifetime of the neutron of approximately 898 seconds is shown to be determined from a theory of the proton dating from 1975. The model requires the neutron to have a lifetime jointly determined by characteristic transition times which the theory assigns to both the electron and the proton.

Abstract: Theory of prior record (Aspden & Eagles, 1972, 1975) gave:

where A=108π and (1/s)³=1843. Here α is the fine structure constant, μ is the muon-electron mass ratio and M is the proton-electron mass ratio.

The number A is a measure of the cell spacing in a cubic lattice given in units of Thomson electron charge radius (two-thirds of the classical electron radius). The number s represents a calculable energy quantum in electron rest-mass energy units mc² deemed to occupy each lattice site in the calculation of record. A muon pair is supposed to be created cyclically and annihilated in successive periods h/mc.

It is found that the chance of an encounter between a positive muon and an electron occurs at intervals of [3/4(π)]A³(h/mc²), approximately 10^-13 seconds. This matches the observed electron tunneling frequency.

The chance of a simultaneous encounter between the negative muon and the proton, close enough to develop a proton-antiproton energy threshold offset by negative potential of the interaction, involves a combined time period of:

With M=1836, μ=207 and h/mc²=8.09×10^-21, this gives a decay time of 900 seconds.

This happens to be the lifetime of the neutron, which is of interest when taken in conjunction with the earlier results of the theory. Taken together, the proton and electron have a mass approximating the neutron and are electrically neutral. This lifetime calculation may, therefore, help us in our further understanding of neutron composition. Hence it is relevant to draw attention to this new result which updates an earlier proposal on this subject (Aspden, 1981).

ASPDEN H and EAGLES D M, Physics Letters, v. 41A, 423 (1972).
ASPDEN H and EAGLES D M, Il Nuovo Cimento, v. 30A, 235 (1975).
ASPDEN H, Lett. Nuovo Cimento, v. 31, 383 (1981).

Note that these three references are items [1972a], [1975a] and [1981b], respectively, of this section of these Web pages.

1987j

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6, pp. 3165-3171 (1987).

GHOST MASS AND THE UNSEEN ENERGY WORLD AS REVEALED BY THE ANOMALIES OF THE GYROSCOPE

Abstract: There is an increasing body of opinion that recognizes the existence of tremendous amounts of energy in the vacuum, energy which offers us hope that one day we can capture
this resource in our man-made machines and achieve what amounts to the dream of perpetual motion. This paper addresses this question in the light of the supporting experimental evidence, to conclude that what is a dream today is, without a doubt, the certainty of tomorrow. Indeed, the breakthrough has already been made. It is just that we
have failed to see, in its proper context, what is so clearly laid before us.

Commentary: Much of this article was about the properties of force-precessed offset gyroscopes which lose weight. However, to justify the comment about energy in the abstract the following paragraph is quoted from the article:

“Together, these experimental facts confirm that there is a ghost world full of energy pervading the vacuum of space. Already the findings from research in this field are leading to the grant of patents, patents which a relativist would deem unworkable and invalid, but patents which will be the basis of investment in a new technological revolution capable of sweeping aside the mathematicians and physicists who know no other language but that of relativity. These patents include electric motors which purport to derive their energy from ferromagnetic cores which are constantly powered by whatever it is that maintains their magnetic polarization.”

1987i

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6, pp. 2985-2987 (1987).

DERIVATION OF THE ELECTRODYNAMIC FORCE LAW

Commentary: This article was the author’s response to a challenge which Dr. T. E. Phipps, Jr. raised against the author’s law of electrodynamics. The general problem is that critics insist on keeping faith with the law that action balances reaction and strive to avoid a law of electrodynamics which develops a net
out-of-balance force. In this they overlook the basic fact that the general law only purports to explain how one charge acts on another in the presence of other charge in motion. There can be energy exchanges between those other charges and the two-charge system to which the law relates. Action and reaction, as understood from Newtonian mechanics, concerns mechanical interaction and not action-at-a-distance as one has with electric and magnetic effects.

At all times the author can take strength in support of his law of
electrodynamics from the fact that it is the only form of law that can embrace the gravitational force and provide the answer to the field unification problem. Also, it is appropriate to keep in mind that the author has a research background deep rooted in electromagnetic induction phenomena and a law of electrodynamics which cannot participate in inductive energy transfer to and from the
vacuum field is not of any value. For any electric charge in motion to transfer energy to the vacuum field there has to be a force exerted on the vacuum medium or aether in a direction that is not just at right angles to the direction of charge motion. If the law of electrodynamics requires no such force then it can only serve to explain physical phenomena which involve no energy transfer. It can explain why electrons describe circular orbits in a magnetic field and why linear conductors carrying current move laterally across that field to balance mechanical work against the work done by an EMF that sustains the current, but there is much more to electrodynamics than that!

1987h

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6, pp. 2981-2984 (1987).

AMPERE’S LAW: COMMENTS ON A DISCUSSION BY MILNES IN TOTH-MAATIAN REVIEW, v. 6, pp. 2981-2984 (1987).

Commentary: In volume 5 of the October 1986 issue Dr. Milnes initiated a critical review, some 18 years after its publication, of the author’s ‘The Law of Electrodynamics’ published in the Journal of the Franklin Institute [1969a]. This article was the author’s response to that criticism.

1987g

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 6, pp. 2947-2953 (1987).

A COUNTER-ARGUMENT TO THE NINE OBJECTIONS TO THE AETHER POSED BY MILNES

Commentary: Dr. Harold Milnes, the Editor and publisher of the Toth-Maatian Review, had earlier in an April 1986 issue of this periodical presented nine reasons puporting to show that the aether does not exist. Dr. Milnes had invited readers to challenge his views. By this article this author responded to that challenge.

1987f

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in The Toth-Maatian Review, v. 5, pp. 2827-2833 (1987).

THE CASE FOR THE SUB-ELECTRON

Abstract: One of the most basic questions in physics is whether there is a degenerate form of the electron, a charge of smaller mass than that of electron. If there is then it is likely to be a primary constituent of the background field medium we recognize as sustaining electric displacement, namely the aether. This paper discusses the evidence indicative of the existence of such a particle, a sub-electron, having an effective mass of 1/24.52 that of the electron.

Commentary: In this general article the author introduces his aether theory and shows how the recognition of a sub-electron, in the form of the virtual particle which occupies the aether lattice sites in the vacuum medium to endow it with quasi-liquid crystal properties, plays a direct role in relation to three physical phenomena. These are in the determination of the temperature of the Sun, the solution of an unexplained mysterious fact of astrophysics, which has been named the Wesson constant, and the mystery of the mass of the neutral pion. This is besides the explanation 2.7 K cosmic radiation background temperature, as presented on p. 177 of the author’s 1980 book ‘Physics Unified’.

1987e

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Speculations in Science and Technology, v. 10, pp. 9-11 (1987).

A NOTE ON THE SILVERTOOTH EXPERIMENT

Commentary: The author here presented a commentary following a paper by Silvertooth which described an optical experiment claimed to have sensed the Earth’s motion at 378
km/s through space. The author’s paper discussed the implications and drew attention to the related issue posed by null indication of the 1903 Trouton-Noble experiment.

1987d

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 28, pp. 535-536 (1987).

EARTHQUAKE-RELATED EM DISTURBANCES

Commentary: The author here drew attention to the article [1978d] in which he had discussed the experimental evidence which showed that earthquake conditions could disturb the aether. The essential point here was that atmospheric conditions which could distort frequency-modulated radio waves but not amplitude-modulated radio waves meant that the carrier medium, the aether, was subjected to shock vibrations.

The energy in transit was not affected but the speed of transit was affected. This had been noticed in radio reception in Switzerland as affecting radio transmission from England during an earthquake in Italy. It was also seen as relevant that earthquakes deep
underground develop E.M. radio disturbance on the surface but E.M. radio waves propagating under normal conditions at the surface do not penetrate more than a few metres of the Earth’s crust.

This is an example where doctrinaire belief in Einstein’s theory has led to a cosmology that denies the existence of the aether and that precludes belief of what the author is saying here about the possibility of sensing earthquakes by radio waves before the
ground-propagated shock wave arrives.

1987c

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Physics Letters, v. 120A, pp. 80-82 (1987).

THE EXPLODING WIRE PHENOMENON AS AN INDUCTIVE EFFECT

Abstract: This paper responds to criticism in the controversy concerning the exploding wire phenomenon. It is maintained that this occurs owing to high current transients interacting with the self-inductive field within the wire, which preclude the electron charge carriers from balancing the tensile stress set up by the effect of the applied EMF on the positive ions of the wire structure.

Commentary: The author had become quite concerned about the way in which the Lorentz force law was being challenged in an effort to substitute Ampere’s law. The point which was being missed by those researching this field was that the law of electrodynamics
concerns forces set up with steady-state currents. Sudden high-current discharges involve powerful inductive reaction forces, whereas the classical Ampere force law denies any out-of-balance force action and can only be used to argue wire rupturing if the current discharge is deemed to be segregated in spaced current elements, rather than being the continuous current normally assumed. This was important to the author because the whole of his theory of
gravitation depends upon the law of electrodynamics having the non-Lorentzian, non-Amperian form which he advocates in reference [1969a].

1987b

The following is a paper by H. Aspden published in Hadronic Journal, v. 10, pp. 185-192 (1987).

SYNCHRONOUS LATTICE DYNAMICS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO TIME DILATION

Abstract: In view of the very strong indications that the time rate of atomic clocks dilates in dependence upon motion relative to a preferred frame, an alternative to relativistic time dilation is needed. It is shown that atomic clock rates are affected by motion relative to the preferred frame, according to the synchronous lattice dynamics as used by the author to explain the nature of the photon and the elementary particle spectrum in recent Hadronic Journal papers.

The full text of this paper may also be seen in PDF format as Paper No. 5 in the author’s 1996 book Aether Science Papers which is of record in the author’s website www.aspden.org.